Flow of a Free Air Jet Laboratory Exercise

Flow of a Free Air Jet Laboratory Exercise An investigation into the structure of a free air jet and how its velocity is distributed during interaction with its surroundings Summary Air jets have provided the basis for jet propulsion mechanisms, commonly used to provide movement in jet engines, spacecraft and even particular marine animals. In aviation, it is important to measure an aircrafts velocity, altitude and Mach number in order to monitor performance and determine areas of improvement. In this experiment, a pitot-static tube system was set up along the axis of a free air jet, and the local velocity of the air jet was calculated and recorded using measurements from an inclined manometer as the pitot-tube was displaced in both the horizontal and vertical planes. The experimental and theoretical results highlighted the same trends, confirming the expectation that as decreased (due to increased displacement), local velocity, , also decreased. A divergence angle of 10.1ÂÂ ° was calculated, and the volume flow rate varied between 0.0149 m3s-1 and 0.049 m3s-1. Introduction An air jet is a nozzle or tube from which a directed pressurised jet of air is emitted. (1) These have provided the basis for jet propulsion producing a thrust in the opposite direction of the jet as demonstrated through Newtons third law. Airs jets are commonly used to provide movement in jet engines and spacecraft, and even certain marine animals have evolved to rely on jet propulsion mechanisms. (2) There are two main types of jet; impinging and free. While an impinging jet is directed towards a surface, this experiment is concerned with the interactions of a free, submerged air jet, where the jet is discharged into an ambient fluid of similar physical properties. (3) A pitot tube is a pressure measurement instrument used to measure fluid flow velocity. (4) This is done by converting the kinetic energy of the flow into potential energy (5). Pitot-static systems, consisting of a pitot tube, a static port and the necessary measuring instruments (6), are often used in aviation to determine an aircrafts velocity, altitude and Mach number, as well as having nautical applications in the calculation of boat and vessel speeds. (7) Theory 3.1 Velocity A pitot static tube measures two separate pressures: the stagnation pressure,, and the static pressure, (8) Bernoullis equation states that the total stagnation pressure is equal to the sum of the static pressure and the dynamic pressure, . The dynamic pressure is proportional to the density of the concerned medium, , and the square of the local velocity, v, such that: (equation 1) If the pressure difference between the stagnation pressure and static pressure is applied to alter the water level of a manometer, equilibrium is achieved when: (equation 2) Therefore, by combining equation 1 and equation 2, and assuming = 1.225 kgm-3 and = 1000 kgm-3, the local velocity in ms-1 can then be calculated through the relationship: (equation 3) 3.2 Flow Rate The volume flow rate leaving the nozzle of a circular air jet, can be considered equal to exit velocity, , multiplied by nozzle surface area, A. (9) This relationship is represented through the equation: (equation 4) Beyond the nozzle exit, the velocity cannot be considered constant at all vertical points in the jet; therefore, it is necessary to integrate to find the volume flow rate. The expanded profile of the air jet can be considered circular, consisting of a series of annuli areas containing an air flow rate equal to for each respective measured value of velocity and calculated area. This is represented visually in figure 1 below. Recalling the area of an annulus as, where is the radius along the mid-point of the annulus, and considering the asymmetrical profile of the final jet requires separate measurements in each hemisphere, the total volume flow rate can be calculated through: (equation 5) Here, is the local velocity at the required radius and is the area of half an annulus, where is the radius at which the velocity was measured. Method Apparatus Nozzle of diameter 30mm, to create the uniform circular jet of air to be measured. Pitot-static tube system, consisting of a pitot-tube, static tube and axial scales,to collect the air from the nozzle and carry it to the manometer. Manometer, inclined at an angle, ÃŽÂ ¸, which holds the liquid and allows for its movement depending on the pressure apparent from the pitot-static tube system. A zero, to locate the starting point at which measurements of the fluid distance along the manometer will be taken from. A ruler, to manually measure the distance travelled by the liquid along the manometer, . Procedure The zero was adjusted along the manometer to indicate the point at which further measurements with the ruler would be taken from and the pitot-static tube was moved along the apparatus to the origin, at the centre of the nozzle, where the coordinates corresponded to (0, 0). The air jet was turned on and, after allowing sufficient time to warm up, the distance the liquid had moved along the manometer, was measured, using the ruler, and recorded. The tube was then moved along the centreline across a series of predetermined distances away from the air jet (see Appendix A) up to 500mm the point (500,0) and was again measured and recorded at each interval. The pitot-static tube was then returned to sit 60mm away from the air jet and lowered to a vertical height of -28mm from the origin where was again measured and recorded. Maintaining an axial distance of 60mm, the pitot-static tube was then raised in increments of 4mm up to a maximum height of 28mm and the distance, , measured for each step. This experiment was then repeated at axial distances of 180mm and 300mm, through ranges of -50mm to 50mm and -60mm to 60mm respectively, using increments of 5mm in both. Results 5.1 Velocity Profiles The recorded distances,, for the three vertical experiments, were then converted into vertical distances, h; in this experiment, ÃŽÂ ¸ = 13ÂÂ °. The velocities at each height were then calculated using equation 3 and graphs of velocity against height for all three axial distances were drawn as shown in figures 3a, 3b and 3c below. 5.2 Plan View The divergence angle can be calculated by forming a triangle between the edge of the jet and a line perpendicular to the nozzle boundary; see figure 4. For this experiment: 5.3 Centreline Velocity Distribution The recorded distances, , for the centreline experiment were converted into vertical distances, h, using ÃŽÂ ¸ = 13ÂÂ °. The axial distance, x, was then divided by the nozzle diameter, D = 30mm, and a graph of velocity against was plotted, as seen below in figure 5. 5.4 Volume Flow Rate Assuming is constant at the edge of the nozzle, the exit volume flow rate can be calculated through equation 4: m3s-1 Beyond the nozzle exit, values for, the annulus width, and , the outer radius, were required to calculate volume flow rate. The values for were 4mm at an axial distance of 60mm, and 5mm at axial distances of 180mm and 300mm, and values for corresponded to the radial distances; these can be found in Appendices B, C and D. Using equation 5, the volume flow rates were found at x = 2D, x = 6D and x = 10D respectively, and the results displayed through table 1. Axial Distance (mm) Volume Flow Rate (m3s-1) 60 0.01925 180 0.034475 300 0.048705 A graph of volume flow rate against axial distance was then plotted for comparison; see figure 6 below. 6.1 Structure of the Air Jet An air jet is comprised of three important regions: the core, the mixing region and the edge or boundary. Within the core, the velocity does not vary significantly from the nozzle exit speed. From the measurements in this experiment, this region exists up to around 180mm along the centreline (see figure 5). Outside of the core, illustrated in figure 4, the mixing region is encountered. Throughout this region, the local velocity,, is less than the exit velocity, , due to the reaction of the air jet with the ambient fluid. The edge or boundary of the jet represents the radial distance at which the local velocity is equal to zero at each centreline distance. The edge of the jet increases linearly at a rate dependent on the divergence angle, measured to be 10.1ÂÂ ° in this experiment. This is similar to the universal value for the divergence of a jet of 11.8ÂÂ °, which is independent of nozzle diameter, discharge speed or the medium involved. (10) 6.2 Diameter of the Air Jet From the plan view illustrated in figure 4, it can clearly be seen that the air jet spreads out as axial distance increases. This occurs as a consequence of the significant velocity difference between the jet and the ambient fluid, which creates a highly unstable shear layer at the edge of the jet. This shear layer is subject to large variance in local velocities, generating strong turbulent fluctuations which subsequently entrain the ambient fluid into the path of the jet, increasing the mixing of the two fluids. As a consequence of both the turbulent fluctuations and the entrainment of the ambient fluid, the shear layer continues to be pushed outwards as the jet flows downstream. (11) 6.3 Centreline Volume Distribution Figure 5, above, clearly illustrates that up to a value of = 6, the velocity along the centreline varies very little, with a range of 0.833 ms-1. This region is known as the core, where. The only source of momentum when the jet exits the nozzle is from the jet itself, as the surrounding fluid is at rest. The absence of external forces acting on the jet suggests that the centreline velocity will remain constant as distance increases. (11) Beyond an axial distance of 180mm, the velocity follows an inversely proportional relationship with distance, decreasing at a rate of (where k is an unknown constant). This occurs when the core of the jet interacts with entrained ambient fluid caused by significant velocity fluctuations at the edge of the jet, decreasing the velocity of the fluid as discussed in section 5.2. Due to the interaction between two different fluid flows, the region in which this occurs is referred to as the mixing region. 6.4 Volume Flow Rate Figure 6 suggests that volume flow rate increases linearly with axial distance, rising from 0.015m3s-1 at the nozzle exit to 0.049m3s-1 at an axial distance of 300mm. From section 4.4, it is known that the volume flow rate is a function of the jet area and local velocities across the diameter. Due to conservation of momentum, it is expected that as the area increases, the velocity decreases such that the volume flow rate remains constant across all axial distances. However, the increase in volumetric flow is a result of entrainment of the stationary surrounding fluid. The turbulent flow caused by the velocity fluctuations in the shear layers contributes to an increased local velocity across the diameter of the jet, increasing volume flow rate. 6.5 Experimental Errors and Uncertainties Although this experiment has successfully demonstrated the characteristics of a free air jet as highlighted in this discussion section, numerous errors and uncertainties were still encountered throughout the experiment which could have had a potentially significant effect on the results obtained. One of the most common sources of uncertainty was the use of a ruler to measure the distance of the fluid along the manometer. This combined human error, due to the estimation of both the zero position and the final position of the fluid meniscus with systematic error, as a consequence of the ruler measuring with an uncertainty of ÂÂ ±1mm and therefore, accurate measurements for were not obtained. Similarly, the location of the necessary axial and radial positions for the pitot-tube were subject to a similar human error. The fluid in the manometer also contained several air bubbles prior to the experiment; this is a systematic error as it would subsequently affect every manometer dista nce reading. Therefore, it is possible that the results obtained for could consistently higher than expected due to the presence of these air bubbles in the fluid. The final significant error involved in this experiment was the random error associated with the changing position of the static tube. For a set axial and radial positioning of the pitot-static tube, changing the height and geometry of the static tube caused the manometer reading to alter slightly as well. Although efforts were made to maintain the location of this tube, there is still the possibility it could have caused sporadic errors in the results. To conclude, the experiment outlined in this report was successful in demonstrating the interactions of a free air jet with an ambient fluid and, subsequently, the effects of the displacement of the pitot-tube on the local velocity along the centreline and throughout the mixing region. The decreasing local velocity as displacement increased was found to be a result of turbulent fluctuations causing entrainment of ambient fluid into the path of the jet. In the experiment, the maximum velocity was found to be around 20ms-1 for a distance of 180mm along the centreline of the jet and the divergence angle was calculated to be 10.1ÂÂ °. These results were useful in introducing the basic structure of an air jet, which comprises of three main regions: the core, the mixing region, and the edge. The slight discrepancy between the measured divergence angle and the universal angle of 11.8ÂÂ ° (9) can be considered due to the inaccuracy in measuring the position of the fluid meniscus in the manometer using a ruler, producing potentially unreliable results. The findings from this experiment are statistically insignificant due to the nature of the apparatus used and the various possible sources of error, both systematic, due to air bubbles present in the manometer fluid, and human, arising from the use of a ruler for distance measurements. However, the experiment was useful in demonstrating the interactions of an air jet with its surroundings, as well as introducing the concept of internal structures within a free air jet. [1] Oxford Dictionaries, Air Jet, [Online]. Available: https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/air_jet. [Accessed 24 March 2017]. [2] LearningInfo, Which Animals use Jet Propulsion, [Online]. Available: http://www.learninginfo.org/sandbox/which-animals-use-jet-propulsion.htm. [Accessed 25 March 2017]. [3] W. Grassi, Impinging Jets, 2 February 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.thermopedia.com/content/872/ . [Accessed 24 March 2017]. [4] Wikipedia, Pitot Tube, [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitot_tube. [Accessed 25 March 2017]. [5] Efunda, Pitot Tubes Theory, [Online]. Available: http://www.efunda.com/designstandards/sensors/pitot_tubes/pitot_tubes_theory.cfm. [Accessed 26 March 2017]. [6] P. Willits, Guided Flight Discovery Private Pilot, Jeppesen Sanderson, 2004. [7] S. Houston, Pitot Static System, 13 October 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.thebalance.com/aircraft-systems-pitot-static-system-282605. [Accessed 26 March 2017]. [8] I. Gursal, Flow of a Free Air Jet, University of Bath, Bath, 2017. [9] Khan Academy, What is Volume Flow Rate, [Online]. Available: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/physics/fluids/fluid-dynamics/a/what-is-volume-flow-rate. [Accessed 27 March 2017]. [10] Dartmouth College, Turbulent Jets, [Online]. Available: https://thayer.dartmouth.edu/~d30345d/books/EFM/chap9.pdf. [Accessed 24 March 2017]. [11] Anon, Jet, [Online]. Available: https://www.eng.fsu.edu/~shih/succeed/jet/jet.htm. [Accessed 29 March 2017].

Isabella’s Shut Lips: An Answer to the Duke’s Proposal in Measure for Measure

At the beginning of Act V, one will see Isabella kneeling and pleading in front of the Duke to render her mercy and justice. She asked him to consider and hear her complaints first before judging her in front of the spectators. Angelo insists that she shouldn’t be heard for she has lost her mind. But Isabella persisted that she in a sound mind and should be heard by the Duke. The Duke agreed with Angelo’s assertions and acknowledged to the possibility of Isabella being insane â€Å"By mine honesty,/If she be mad,–as I believe no other,–/Her madness hath the oddest frame of sense,/Such a dependency of thing on thing,/As e'er I heard in madness (Shakespeare 114). † Here we see that he (the duke) already mistrusted Isabella on their first meeting even before Isabella could speak her mind. He favored Angelo’s assertions over her confessions. He trusted Angelo, the man that caused her suffering, over her. The initial reaction of the Duke towards Isabella is not something that a gentleman interested in a certain lady would do. It is an initial display of disregard and apathy towards Isabella’s causes and appeals. He could have believed her in the first instance that she speaks of her sanity instead of prompting her more to prove it to everyone in the crowd. He could have treated her more nicely. However, the Duke decided to hear her cause despite his belief that she is insane. He let her state her affairs and her complaints. She said that she is the sister of poor Claudio which was condemned of a crime. In her desire to save him, he pleaded Angelo to pardon him. However, Angelo abused his superiority and implored her to sacrifice her virginity for the sake of her brother. She agreed to it but still Angelo prosecuted her brother. In this event, the Duke mistrusted Isabella one more time. He asserted that it is impossible for Angelo to do that for â€Å"By heaven, fond wretch, thou knowist not what thou speak'st,/Or else thou art suborn'd against his honour in hateful practise. /First, his integrity/Stands without blemish (Shakespeare 117). † He fervently believed that Angelo is not the kind of person that was described by Isabella. Furthermore, he accused Isabella of dishonesty and implored her to reveal the truth. He accused her of being advised by someone to stain the morality of Angelo â€Å"Confess the truth, and say by whose advice/Thou camest here to complain (Shakespeare 117). † In this case, the Duke showed his favoritism for Angelo by defending his integrity and morality in front of the speactators. He could have scrutinized the pieces of evidence first before judging in favor of Angelo. He could have given Isabella a chance to support her claims and complaints instead of mistrusting and misjudging her right away. Moreover, he asked the guards to send her to prison. Immediately after Isabella aired her complaints, he immediately dismissed them as fallacious and immediately asked her to be sent to prison. He claimed and justified this so as to free the people from her scandals and her influence. He deemed it necessary for her to be taken away from the crowd. â€Å"I know you'ld fain be gone. An officer! /To prison with her! Shall we thus permit/A blasting and a scandalous breath to fall/On him so near us? /This needs must be a practise. /Who knew of Your intent and coming hither? Shakespeare 117). † But while the Duke permitted Isabella to present a witness to support her claims in the name of Friar Lodowick. But even before he agreed to let him testify, he doubted the possibility of a Friar having known the woman and would actually defend and take her away from the misfortune that befallen her. Furthermore, he spoke ill of Isabella by calling her a â€Å"wretched woman†. â€Å"W ords against me? this is a good friar, belike! /And to set on this wretched woman here/Against our substitute! /Let this friar be found (Shakespeare 118). † The last dialogue of the Duke was about thanking everyone for their assistance and guidance in the resolution of the problem that they were confronting. â€Å"Thanks, good friend Escalus, for thy much goodness:/There's more behind that is more gratulate. /Thanks, provost, for thy care and secrecy:/We shill employ thee in a worthier place (Shakespeare 135). † Right after that the Duke then asked Isabella to marry him. Dear Isabel, I have a motion much imports your good; Whereto if you'll a willing ear incline, What's mine is yours and what is yours is mine. So, bring us to our palace; where we'll show What's yet behind, that's meet you all should know (Shakespeare 135) However, Shakespeare eliminated the possibility of the Duke being bluntly rejected by Isabella. I believe Isabella would have rejected the offer of the Duke. First, she is still nursing a broken heart from the death of his brother. Second, she is planned to be in a nunnery and anyone who plans to be a nun doesn’t have marriage in their vocabularies. Third, there is no indication or hint that Isabella was ever interested to neither the Friar nor the Duke. She did not reveal any clue for us to infer that Isabella has fallen in-love to either of those personas. And lastly, the Duke has not treated her well enough for her to feel that his proposal is not an impulsive and therefore sincere. As stated in the arguments above, the Duke’s treatment towards Isabella is not something that deserved a â€Å"yes† from her. He treated her without sympathy and care which every man who wishes to marry a woman should do. The proposal was done in a spur-of-the-moment manner. Aside from treating her severely, the Duke have not in any way showed Isabella that he’s interested in her and that he wanted her to be his wife. His proposal is not something that is to be deemed sincere and genuine. Isabella deserves more.

Organizations should be treated as an-ongoing concern

IntroductionOrganizations should be treated as an-ongoing concern. This is because; there are a lot of revisions needed whether it is through reengineering, information system or its workforce so that the organization would be able to stand against competition. Organizations are made up of people who are responsible for certain operations in different fields and are thus inherently complex. Since change or revisions are the basic things that are needed in the organization, it is imperative that leaders must understand that a change to one component will always generate a rippling effect on other surrounding components (Abraham et al, 1997). Therefore, decision making should be done carefully and accordingly.Sustainability can be thought of as a way of protecting the options that are present. Sustainable development actually needs a fundamental shift from the traditional or routinely activities involved within the organization to a circular approach of borrow-use return. It offers a c ompelling strategic paradigm for guiding business in contributing to the society’s desire for balanced progress towards economic prosperity, social justice and environmental quality.If sustainability is accepted by the organizations, they should be able to understand the need of exploration and innovation as much as prescription and planning is needed. It frees the creative potential of the human mind and maximizes the potential for deeper learning within the boardroom. As a part of the business strategy, it has the ability to help the business performance of your organization to be superior and prosperous.Currently, the world’s most popular chicken buckets restaurant is in hot water and being complaints by the animals’ activist called PETA for an inhumane method of killing chickens for their 850 million buckets supply of chicken. According to PETA, chickens are carelessly slaughtered everyday; chickens’ throats are slit and put into tanks of boiling wate r in order to be dressed while still alive and feeling the pain. KFC gets these slaughtered chickens from West Virginia slaughter house. Obviously, KFC is not taking the demands of PETA because after two years their promise to abide the animal welfare still remains as a promise (Curlee, 1994). Unlike, McDonalds, Wendy’s and other food chains serving chickens took the demands and followed by the book. According to PETA KFC should: ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Follow the â€Å"Animal Care Standards Program† Lessen the quantity of ammonia in the air of their factory farms, develop the living spaces and lighting in chicken sheds, stop starving the chickens deliberately and make sure that the chickens are given mental an physical encouragement. ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Stop the slashing of the chicken throats, ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Use mechanized chicken gathering.There is actually no best approach for sustainability because it would depend on the certain goal that would be rea ched by the organization. Rather, superiors involved in the organizations must make their own decisions which are based on varying cultural and environmental factors that are present. However, in this variability, there are common entrenched behaviors and thought processes that have to be changed which is necessary in order to embrace sustainability.AnalysisThe problem and complaints against KFC has two social issues to tackle, first, business ethics and second corporate social responsibility. In the first issue, since KFC is a multi-national company, seeking for profits globally and competitive advantage against their main competitors, there are a very huge demand of KFC’s chicken, and their current method is a very easy and fast way to cope up with this demand. The big question is, what will KFC do?In search of customers and suppliers, individuals in business face a lot of challenges when they shift beyond their own business practice and culture in search of customers and s uppliers.   One tough question is:   How do KFC resolve the conflicts between their business strategy and ethical principles and those of the country in which they are doing business?   What to expect from other countries’ views of business ethics to be?However, because of the demands of the ethical business conduct, more especially that some governments pass anticorruption laws and that more multinational corporations (MNCs) formalize ethic codes and programs to support their internal ethical climate, more companies’ managers are becoming aware of the risk of expensive legal entanglements caused by doing business with firms having lower ethical standards than their own. Ethical practices are evidently crucial to establish an ethical work climate in strong corporate guidelines (Farmer and Hogue, 1985).These guidelines set the ethical tone of the corporation and let the employees know that management considers ethical behavior an important part of its business ope rations. It can be communicated through conduct codes which outline the company’s main expectations. Management stratagem, accountability structures, organizational policies, incentive systems, training programs, and decision-making processes should all work as one to strengthen the firm’s fundamental ethical beliefs. However, in the government sector, giving of preferential treatment is through numerical hiring and promotion goals and ratios, to women and minorities, is a critical affirmative action (Friedman, 1970).Public managers must make a selection of ethical judgments and decisions in pursuing the policy tasks entrusted to them. The KFC management considers ethical behavior an essential part of its business operations and can be communicated through mission statements while the government sector on the other hand, some public employers may operate under legal obligations to permit preferential treatment, others may opt to do so. Both of the circumstances, prefer ential treatment require difficult and controversial ethical choices.How important is competitive intelligence in KFC? Generally, competitive intelligence (CI) is applied to the decision-making and planning processes to improve the performance of the company. CI is the process by which KFC must gather actionable information about competitors and the competitive environment. It connects evidently unrelated signals, events, perceptions, and data into patterns and trends concerning the business environment. CI can be simple, such as inspecting a KFC’s annual report and other public documents (Blenkhorn & Fleisher, 2001). CI has its vital role in the business organization like KFC and in the government area.There is no problem in focusing to profit and competitive advantage as long as moral ambiguities are going to remain because no one can formulate policies that are morally justified under all circumstances. Ambiguity in fact does not diminish the importance of the issue; the m oral aspect of governance corresponds to the quality of public service and governmental conduct. If not, how can the general public trust that their businesses are fairly managed and that they haven’t conceded rights and freedoms to an irresponsible administrative state? Competitive Intelligence (CI) has been performed by most of the organizations in today’s business environment. Most senior executives practice CI in their daily activities as they try to understand how to make better position in their organization’s products or services in the marketplace (Krizek and Power, 1997).Only few founders can obtain the needed financial resources to launch their firms without having done at least some environmental scanning and identifying potential competitive danger. Companies that lack the range of resources needed to launch and maintain complicated or automated CT networks, the fact that the chief executive officer and senior managers act personally and continuously on intelligence gives them a chance in the competitive market place.The second issue, their corporate social responsibility, they stick to their current practice of slaughtering the chickens or switch to a more humanitarian way of method and will not put all attention to profits and competitive edge in order to fulfill their responsibility? Corporate social responsibility can be defined as the duty of organizations to conduct their business in a manner that respects the rights of individuals and promotes human welfare (Farmer & Hogue, 1985). While the level of social responsibility exhibited by multinational corporations is said to be improving, perfection has hardly been attained. Governments and people around the world seem to have an increasing interest in scrutinizing the actions of global corporations, in effect forcing international companies to be good corporate citizens.According to Maclaren (1996), corporate responsibility is supported by the concepts of multidimensional d efinitions and social marketing. In the multidimensional definitions concept, the focus is on the major responsibilities expected from companies. These major responsibilities include economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic dimensions. These responsibilities must be performed in order to benefit not only the company operators but also their employees, customers, the community and the general public.Social responsibility in business has been debated for a long time, and several sides of the issue have been presented by ethicists. This debate has been extended in recent years to include the operations of multinational companies. Thus, it is important to view some of the changes in the attitudes and behaviors of multinational companies and their perceptions of corporate social responsibility in light of the evolving nature and composition of global competition (Friedman, 1970).Business culture has turned its focus when the businesses penetrate globally. There had been dispute, argume nt, confusion and debate towards the subject â€Å"social responsibility† in business arena. Many believed that it is a tool to change the business set up to promote a more well working environment. However, there are also cynical about the existence of social responsibility and its role in managing the business.Even so in history, the topic of social responsibility has received so much attention when it first came into popularity in the developed world. It became controversial because of its inconsistencies with the free enterprise system. However, whenever we view today’s scenario, there are indications that social responsibility has become an obligation for any business, and that it is permanent fixture on the corporate business scene (Karake-Shalhoub, 1999).In order for KFC to give the demands of PETA and social responsibility, the company may apply some methods in corporate social responsibility and this is sustainability-change-efforts. Change may start at all le vels of the organization. However, the presence of strong leadership is essential to guide the changing processes that are needed for sustainability to push through. This is because, without the presence of good leaders and governance system that may support the movement, sustainability will never be achieved.Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become the standard euphemism for the right social values that corporations oftentimes has neglected in their day to day practices and has the need to strive harder to achieve so as to solve the problem of those whom they have affected by their policies and actions. Its idea is; either radical nor is it new. The core belief is that the corporation incurs responsibilities to the society beyond profit maximization. Huge companies has the power to manipulate and influence the quality of life employees, costumers, shareholders and residents of local communities have in which they operate.A single corporate decision may change the lives of t housands of people (Petrovich, 1994). Managers or people who are involved in the corporate world should always bear in mind that power also entails responsibility. Business responsibilities must include the known and foreseeable results of business dealings whether the results of their actions have been recognized by law or not. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is the continuing commitment of the business to be ethical and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of their workforce, company and including the society.The environmental demands are the ones that must not be overlooked. Every action that a corporation does always has consequences such as the cutting of trees for expansion. In this case, the corporate must reconsider and find different ways on how to manage this because it is very unethical and irresponsible of them to do this (Schwab and Brower, 1997).The hand of government would then be there to put a hold to any actions that the corporate do es which would be then considered to be harmful to the environment. Although many corporation disagree with the presence of the hand of government because for them it is not fair, it is quite appropriate if the corporation themselves would do a strategic analysis of what they are about to do because the government would never be tailing them if they have not done anything.ConclusionIn this respect, it is illustrated that businesses from different countries do not show the same level of dedication to being perceived as socially responsible. Moreover, it is also attested that firms across countries have variety of principles, processes and stakeholder issues to express that they are responsibly committed.   People expect firms not only to perform the traditional function of providing goods and services to all citizens who are willing to pay for them, but also to help society solve its problems. If these things are generally seen as desirable, and the firm does them, then it is socia lly responsible. If the firm does not, then some people may feel it is irresponsible.Moreover, incorporating and promoting increased public participation in dealing with plans and projects toward progress and development illustrates an efficient and effective measure to achieve more possible success of economic and social growth. Since the public is the foremost concern of every institutional and national improvement, it is very logical that public consultation will be highly incorporated as inputs to come up with sound policies that will reflect the preferences and general welfare of the society. Public participation will ensure developments that are in synch with the needs of the society and at the same time increase the likelihood of long-term and continuous growth for the whole country.Even though the issue is tackled in its complexity, it is no doubt that social responsibility has to play a great role in today’s business world. It may either contribute to efficiency, eff ectiveness, success or failure. What is important is that we are becoming more aware each day. No doubt that in this era, social responsibility should become every business’ obligation.Works CitedAbraham, M., Burgdorf, M., Dittoe, J., Scherf, H., Seydlitz, J. & Silver, B. Sustainable Development: Best Practices Manual. Cleveland: Build Up Greater Cleveland, 1997.Blenkhorn, D. L., & Fleisher C.S. Managing Frontiers in Competitive Intelligence. Westport, CT. Quorum Books, 2001.Curlee, R. Waste to Energy in the United States: a Social and Economic Assessment, 1994.Farmer, R. and Hogue, W.D. Corporate Social Responsibility. Lexington, Massachusetts: Lexington Books, 1985.Friedman, M.   â€Å"The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase its   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Profits.† New York Trines Magazine, Sept. 13, 33, 1970.Karake-Shalhoub, Z. Organizational Downsizing, Discrimination and Corporate Social Responsibility. Westport, CT. Quorum Books, 1999.Krizek, K. J. & Power, J. A Planners Guide to Sustainable Development. PAS   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Report No. 467. Chicago: American Planning Association, 1997.Maclaren, V. W. Urban Sustainability Reporting. Journal of the American   Planning Association. 62, 2 (spring): 184-202, 1996.Petrovich, N. L. Introduction to Sustainable Development. Counties: Foundation for a Sustainable Future. Washington D.C.: National Association of Counties, 1994.Schwab, A. K. & Brower, D. J. Sustainable Development: Implementation at the Local Level. Land Use Law & Zoning Digest (April): 3-7, 1997.

Essay Ares God of War - 928 Words

Being the god of manly courage, bloodlust, civil order, and warlike frenzy, Ares shouldn’t be considered a very powerful god. Even though he is the god over these things, he is no more powerful than the others. In fact he is actually weaker than the others due to his shear blood lust and blind rage allowing him to be easily overcome. Ares should not be considered anything other than the loser he is because he can never win a battle, is constantly getting in trouble, and has a very quick temper and enjoys bloodshed. Being the god of bloodlust, Ares is always getting into fights and getting involved in wars. However, he can never win any of his battles or win the wars he sides on, mostly due to his half-sister Athena. Here is an example†¦show more content†¦Obviously Ares is unable to stand toe-to-toe to his sister in battle, and is defeated many times by her, he is also unable to take care of himself, and therefore, he should not be considered a great Greek god. Another trait Ares should be the god of, but isn’t, is mischief. Ares is a very well-known trouble maker among the Olympians. He would constantly hook-up with Aphrodite, get in trouble for murdering people, and constantly try to defy Zeus. Perhaps Ares’ most famous of all his love affairs was that with Aphrodite. Ares was madly in love with her for a very long time, and had even bore him four sons and a daughter. However, Aphrodite was married to the smith of the gods, Hephaestus. Tipped off about his wife’s affair, he created invisible bonds and bound the two lovers in the bed while in the act. After doing so he invited the rest of the Olympians over to take a look at this spectacle, and publicly humiliate them. In Ancient Greek times adultery is one of the worst things anyone could be caught doing, so this is a serious offense on Ares’s part. Another thing Ares has been caught and got in trouble for is murdering people. Over the years he has murdered peo ple out of jealousy, revenge, and just plain lust for blood. An example of Ares murdering out of jealousy is the story of Adonis. In the story Adonis has caught Aphrodite’s attention. With Ares’ extreme love for her, he went into a jealous rage and transformed himself into a boar and killedShow MoreRelatedThe Ferocious God Of War1084 Words   |  5 PagesThe Ferocious God of War Ares, the god of war, bloodlust, civil order and manly courage, was one of the twelve Olympian gods, and also the most violent. He was described as tall, handsome and strong but also ferocious and cowardly. Many of the gods used sneaky ways to snatch woman, however, Ares was one of the gods who did not act like that. One of his most famous affairs is with the goddess of love, Aphrodite. He, being the Olympian god of war, was powerful though most of the gods hated him. DespiteRead MoreThe Greek God Of War2294 Words   |  10 Pages The Greek God of war named Ares was unique to say the least. He often waged battle although was not a major character in Greek Mythology but still had quite an influence on other characters. Although Ares is best known for his love affairs with Aphrodite, he is also known for his influence of moral lessons on today s society and his acts of destruction. Background on Ares is crucial to understand his moral lessons on today s society and his acts of destruction later on. In Greek Mythology,Read MoreThe Greek God Of War2294 Words   |  10 PagesThe Greek God of war named Ares was unique to say the least. He often waged battle although was not a major character in Greek Mythology but still had quite an influence on other characters. Although Ares is best known for his love affairs with Aphrodite, he is also known for his influence of moral lessons on today s society and his acts of destruction. Background on Ares is crucial to understand his moral lessons on today s society and his acts of destruction later on. In Greek Mythology, AresRead MoreRoman And Greek War Gods1292 Words   |  6 PagesRoman and Greek War Gods It is a common misconception that Roman and Greek mythology is the same thing, but with different names. This starts in the origin of Roman mythology. When the Romans took over the Greeks they allowed them to keep their beliefs and customs. These beliefs spread to the Romans that lived nearby. When the Romans learned about these gods, they became the main gods of Rome with different names and personalities. (Ancient Civilizations through the Renaissance, p.332) However,Read MoreMars: The God of War or the Planet?809 Words   |  3 Pages(Greek: Ares) was the god of war and was an agricultural guardian. He was the second most important only to Jupiter and Neptune. Mars was the strongest military god of them all according to the religion of the Roman army. 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