The Development Of Enterprise Risk Management Essay

1.3 The Development of Enterprise Risk Management This section will briefly discuss the development of ERM especially the emerging factors that influence companies to shift from TRM to ERM. The researchers will discuss both the academic literature and the role of professional. (D Arcy, 2001) proposed that the origin of risk management was developed by a group of innovative insurance professors Robert I. Mehr and Bob Hedges in 1950s . The objective of risk management at that time was to maximize the productive efficiency of the enterprise. At that time, risk management was specifically focused on pure risk and speculative risks. According to (Skipper Kwon, 2007) , in the 1970s, when the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries decided to reduce production in order to increase the price, financial risk management became an interesting issue highlighted by firms because the increment in oil price has affected the stability of exchange rates and the inflation rate . Later in 1980s, political risks attracted more attention from multinational corporations as a result of different political regimes in different countries. For example, when the government announced a new policy, investors and corporations must make decisions to reduce political risk (Skipper Kwon, 2007). According to (D Arcy, 2001) during that era, organizations did not properly apply risk management because they did not apply the risk management tools and techniques such as options. Therefore, the costShow MoreRelatedEnterprise Risk Management ( Erm )1531 Words   |  7 Pagesabout the Enterprise Risk Management (ERM). How much risk can be taken so that gain can be increase as risk is directly associated with gain Answer 1: Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) has great potential to provide organizations with new competitive advantages. 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The Basics of Term Paper Writing Service in Canada

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Computer Architecture

Question: Discuss about theComputer Architecture. Answer: Importance of KPI KPIs stands for Key Performance Indicators. In some business organizations key performance indicators are used for measuring data that is served as an exercise in uselessness. Key performance indicators are considered backbone of business and leaders, managers and executives are used KPIs to understand that whether there business is on right track to get success or not. If no then they need to make improvements and changes into their business strategies. The aim of KPIs is to bring about improvements. (Addicted to Adaptive, 2014) Business Intelligence Business Intelligence is basically used for analyzing data and for presenting illegal information from that data. This information helps corporate executives, business managers and other end users for effective decision making. For collecting data from internal and external systems, there are multiple tools and applications are available. IT Agility To identify that how quickly business is growing and responding to threats and opportunities, agility can be used. In case of IT Agility, we can measure speed of IT to deliver required efficiency in business. As much as alignment will be high between business and IT the more level of agility for both will be achieved. SwotAnalysis SWOT analysis is a simple framework to understand and analyzing strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of an organization. This analysis is done to know about internal factors of an organization that are important for business organization and its success. In every analysis of a company, SWOT analysis is considered to be important. (Mindtools.com, 2016) Strategic Planning Strategic planning is actually a management activity which is implemented in business organizations and it is used to set priorities, focus energy and resources and other operations. Strategic Planning also ensures that employees and other stakeholders are working toward common goals. To run business projects successfully, strategic planning process are considered to be important. Enterprise Architecture As it is cleared from its name that enterprise architecture is actually a theoretical blueprint and it defines overall structure and operations of an enterprise. The determined of enterprise architecture is to determine that how current and future objectives of an organization can be achieved. Management Information System Management Information System is commonly known as MIS and it is a computerized database of financial information. MIS organizes and programmed information in a way that periodical reports can be made easily for every level of management in a business organization. MIS is basically used in a business organization to make official reports. (Management Information Systems, 2016) Dss DSS stands for Decision Support System. It is computer based information system and most of the business and organizational activities for decision making are performed by DSS. DSS is considered as informational application. (SearchCIO, 2016) Cloud Infrastructure Cloud Infrastructure is actually refers to hardware and software components that are required to run and manage cloud based applications. The major components are servers, networking, storage and virtualization software. Data and Text Mining Text mining is equivalent to text analytics and it is commonly known as text data mining and refers to driving information that will be of high quality. In text mining, devising of patterns and trends are done. On other side, data mining is used to find patterns in large data sets. Dms DMS stands for document management system. The main purpose of this system is to track, manage and store documents. This system is highly used in business organizations and reduced paper work. Big Data Big data is a term that describes unstructured, structured or semi-structured voluminous amount of data. Big data is used for mined information that is used further for decision making. (SearchCloudComputing, 2016) Internet of Things Internet of Things (IoT) is actually a system that interrelates computing devices, digital and mechanical devices and other objects that are used to transfer data over network. In this process of transformation, human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction are not required. This technology is emerged with convergence of wireless technologies, micro-electromechanical system and internet. In case of business, IoT also contributes. It allows business organizations to make smarter products. It enables smarter business operations and decisions and in changing on business models it also provides help. In this way, Internet of things is considered to be valuable for business organizations. (Forbes.com, 2016) Today various next generation of mobile telecommunications technology are coming into market and 4G and 5G are of those technologies. Both 4G and 5G technologies have motive to provide fast speed networks with better communication. But there are some differences that must be discussed here in this report. (Raconteur, 2016) 4G 5G 4G is deployed in 2006-10 5G will be deployed by 2020. Overall bandwidth of 4G is 200mbps 5G will have bandwidth of 1gbps. It has unified IP and seamless combination of LAN, WAN and MAN. It is combination of 4G+WWWW. It has dynamic information access and variable devices. It has dynamic access and variable devices those consist of all capabilities. Capabilities of RMH Management for Hospital Future According to given case study, RMH stands for Rockingham Memorial Hospital. To support healthcare vision of hospital, RMH wants a next generation hospital network that can provide high speed wireless coverage into entire hospital. This wireless network will support both voice and data communication. Why adaptable Network Solution is Critical for RMH? The adaptable network solution is critical for RMH healthcare because it is difficult to get flexible foundation for future applications that can adapt to rapidly changes in healthcare technologies. Main Components of Hospitals Network The main components for establishing this hospital network are routers, switches, security and wireless infrastructure. To get these components, RMH is investing in Cisco Company. How Hospitals Network Capabilities influence quality of healthcare and its cost? From following benefits, we can know about influence quality of healthcare: This new network establishment will improve emergency response times by 50 to 60 percent. Responsive time of clinicians will be increased towards patients. It will be easy to achieve hundred percent agreement with regulatory standards. References SearchCloudComputing. (2016). What is big data ? - Definition from WhatIs.com. [online] Available at: https://searchcloudcomputing.techtarget.com/definition/big-data-Big-Data [Accessed 23 Aug. 2016]. Management Information Systems. (2016). What is MIS?. [online] Available at: https://mis.eller.arizona.edu/what-is-mis [Accessed 23 Aug. 2016]. SearchCIO. (2016). What is decision support system (DSS)? - Definition from WhatIs.com. [online] Available at: https://searchcio.techtarget.com/definition/decision-support-system [Accessed 23 Aug. 2016]. Mindtools.com. (2016). SWOT Analysis: Discover New Opportunities, Manage and Eliminate Threats. [online] Available at: https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMC_05.htm [Accessed 23 Aug. 2016]. Futureofcio.blogspot.in. (2016). An Agile IT: How to Define IT Agility? ~ Future of CIO. [online] Available at: https://futureofcio.blogspot.in/2013/10/how-to-define-it-agility.html [Accessed 23 Aug. 2016]. Addicted to Adaptive. (2014). What is a KPI and Why are They So Important?. [online] Available at: https://blog.adaptiveinsights.com/business-intelligence/kpi-important/ [Accessed 23 Aug. 2016]. Forbes.com. (2016). Forbes Welcome. [online] Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2015/08/17/3-ways-the-internet-of-things-will-change-every-business/#53339084d152 [Accessed 23 Aug. 2016]. Raconteur. (2016). What's the difference between 3G, 4G and 5G? - raconteur.net. [online] Available at: https://raconteur.net/technology/4g-vs-5g-mobile-technology [Accessed 23 Aug. 2016].

Women in Greece Essay Example

Women in Greece Essay The roles and status of women in ancient Greece are hard to asses since there is very little evidence from that period written or illustrated from a women’s perspective. Most literature and art from ancient Greece comes from men, thus making it hard to evaluate exactly what it was like to live has a women in those times. Sarah Pomeroy states in Goddesses, whores, wives and salves: women in classical antiquity the study of women in ancient literature is the study of mens views of women and cannot become anything else. . This viewpoint is supported by many scholars in as stated in Ideology and â€Å"the status of Women† in Ancient Greece by Marilyn Katz. (pg 79) Pomeroy also suggest that This indisputable fact about ancient sources -of material authored by women we have only the fragments of a few women poets -has even led recently to the recommendation that the study of women in antiquity be refocused away from literature to culture. Otherwise the study of women in ancient literature is the study of mens views of women and cannot become anything else. (pg 79 Ideology and â€Å"the status of Women† in Ancient Greece by Marilyn Katz. ) This notion that women did not write literature we assume that women were consider inferior to men, and what they had to say was irrelevant. This idea is also introduced by Pomeroy, The notion that texts authored by men represent a male point of view is widely shared. This idea, however, not only introduces an artificial distinction between text and cultur e, but also implicitly relegates women to an entirely passive role in patriarchal society. pg 79 Ideology and â€Å"the status of Women† in Ancient Greece by Marilyn Katz. ) Thus its important when using literature such as Homers epic as evidence of women’s role and status during that time period were are critical of the conclusions we draw. On the other hand there have been many assumption made of the role of women during ancient Greece from the evidence we do have. It was patricidal society in which women were consider property of the men in there lives, and were seen to serve one purpose; to produce heirs. We will write a custom essay sample on Women in Greece specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Women in Greece specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Women in Greece specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Women had very little to no rights; they were unable to own land or participate in politics. They also hardly had freedoms, they were confided to there homes and company of other women, in some cases they even had separate corers from the men in which was hidden from visitors view. They were unable enter in public rooms or there own homes with male guest unless told to do so by the husbands. They did not choose who they married, the men in there lives made every decision for them in the best interest of the males and the family. Knowing what we do about women during this time in Greece, I’m going to use Homer’s epic the Odyssey to evaluate whether the way women were depicted in the literature is an accurate representation of the lives of women in this time. Homer is the composer of the Iliad and the Odyssey, he was viewed as the greatest poet, and his work influenced many poets after him. It is likely that Homer learned the poems from generations before him, which dedicated the poems orally. The epic are set in the age of the heroes, which is assumed to be roughly the end of the Greek Dark Age. Thus its important when contrasting the way women were depicted in the Odyssey, and the roles and status of women of that time, to ensure we use the knowledge of women in the dark age. This is important because the role of women, including there freedoms and rights can vary from period to period. Women were viewed as a males property, firstly as the property of there fathers and brothers, then transferred to the property of the husbands. Marriage, in reference to the procreation of children, was considered by the Greeks as a necessity enforced by their duties to the gods, to the state, and to their ancestors. Until a very late period, at least, no higher considerations attached to matrimony, nor was strong attachment a frequent cause of marriage (473). (pg74 Ideology and â€Å"the status of Women† in Ancient Greece by Marilyn Katz ) During the dark ages, Greece was broken up into the territories or oikos, each territory was lead by a basileus or a chief. Women were expected to bear and rear children, in order to increase the number of potential males that can help defend the territory in wars. (pg 17 Pomeroy ). All women who passed puberty, around the age of 16 were married off and all young women were destined for that. An example of this in the Odyssey, when odyssey first met Nausicaa, he expressed concern that she should find a husband and enjoy a harmonious marriage. (pg 17 Pomeroy. ) The importance of marriage is a central theme of the Odyssey, the poem also illustrates that women and men highly regarded being married as an important aspect of life. Odysseus states to Nausicaa â€Å"for nothing is better that, this, more steadfast than when two people, a men and his wide keep a harmonious household (6. 182-4) which shows that women were viewed by there husband more than just an means to produce an heir. However, some scholars criticize the odyssey view on marriage, Jacobs goes on to discuss Homer and Hesiod, characterizing the Odyssey as a love song to Penelope (234) Jacobs goes on to state that women were less respected and more restrained [than in the heroic era], and that the marriage relationship was less tender and endearing (pg74 Ideology and â€Å"the status of Women† in Ancient Greece by Marilyn Katz ) which indicates that marriage and relationship may have been different in the heroic era apposed to other time periods. Marriage could have been viewed as more than just a means to producing offspring, but also as a loving and endearing relationship. Its believed that during this time women were transfer like property from there fathers family to there husbands family with no regards for the women. Basically women did not have a choice who they were going to marry, there fathers or brothers would choice a husband for them to link powerful families, or choose the male who offered the most gifts. Nausicaa’s father try to marry her off to odyssus (7. 11-15) and Penelope’s father brothers urger her to marry the suitor who presented the most gifts. However Homer indicated that bother Nusicaa and Penelope would have some choices in the selection of there husbands. There were two types of marriages during this time, Patrimonial and Matrimonial. Patrimonial marriages existed when the suitor would bring his bride back to his house and territory. There children would belong to this territory and t he males would become warriors for there fathers territory. Penelope and Odysseus marries was of this form, she went to live with Odysseus in there Ithaka and there son Telemachos was considered a heir to his fathers throne, he also defended this territory when his father was away at war. In order for father who decide which suitor would take their daughters hand in marriage would depend on the wedding gifts exchanged on the day of the wedding. (pg17 pombrey) Matrimonial marriages exist when a warrior would marry a princess and settle down in her father’s kingdom. The male offspring of the couple would be considered warriors of the bride’s father’s territory. In addition the warrior would eventually inherit the brides’ fathers’ realm. In this case fathers often held athletic competitions in order to choice the suitor which is the strongest to marry his daughter. Odyssey participated in an athletic competition for Nausicaa’s hand and Penelope’s decide to marry the victor of the bow contest. The Homeric society reflect a strong partial values, over the behaviour of women may be less rigid than in some later Greek societies. (pg 25 Pombrey) Regardless of what freedoms women did have during this time its clearly they were not permitted the same sexual liberties as men. As shown above, marriage was an important aspect of greek life, thus it is not surprise that women’s reputation were prised possessions. Young women were expected not to take up friendship of men unless they were going to married. Nausikaa explains to Odyessus why she can not escorted him into town, to her parents palace â€Å"So they will speak and that would be scandal against me, and I myself would disapprove of a girl who acted so, that is without the good will of her dear father and mother making friends with a man before being formally married. (6, 285-289) Losing there virginity before marriage was frond a pond. This is why Nausicaa slept with handmaiden guarding her on either side of her bed. In addition Women were expected to remain loyal to there husbands, while the husbands could have affairs with other women and young males. Thus, Penelope and Nusicaa look the nesscary percausions to avoid becoming the subject of gossip. On the other hand the penalties of the loss of virginity were not so serve as later Greece. (pg 27 Pomeroy) The women charters of the Odyssey are depicted far from being passive; they are strong, powerful and dynamic individuals. (pg 51 women in ancient Greece) This is quite a contrast from what we believe women were like during this time, history shows women has being passive wives and mothers, with little to no rights or freedoms. In most cases wives were entrusted with the kingdoms when there husbands went off to the war of troy. Penelope was entrusted by Odysseus to look over Ithaca â€Å"I do not know if the god will spare me, or if I must be lost there in Troy; here let everything be in your charge. You must take thought for my father and mother here in our palace, as you do now or even more since I shall be absent. (18-265-268) Thus we could assume that when the men went off to war, and was absent from the palace, the wives were entrusted with a certain power to ensure everything ran smoothly. However as seen in the Odysseus, this period of time only last so long, then other men come in to take over, like seen with Penelope’s suitors. On the other hand there is an kingdom in the Odyssey which one may assume it is Matricraly society. The kingdom of Scheria, Queen Arete is seen to have a domient role over her husband. When Odyssus arrive in Scheria, Nausicaa and Athena advise him to go to the queen Arete instead of the king. Athene explain to odysseus â€Å"Arete and Alkinoos made her his wife, and gave her such pride of place as no other woman on earth is given of such women as are now alive and keep house for husbands. (7, 66-68) Athena goes on to advise Osyssues â€Å"For there is no good intelligence that she herself lacks. She dissolves quarrels, even among men, when she favors the,. So if she has thoughts in her mind that are friendly to you, then there is hope you can see your own people† (7 73-76) Nausikaa also advise Odsseys to go to the queen â€Å"But when you have disappeared inside the house and the courtyard, then go quickly across the hall until you come to my mother, and she will be sitting beside the hearth, in the firelight, turning sea-purple yarn on a distaff, a wonder to look at and leaning against the pillar, and her maids are sitting behind her; and there is my father’s chair of state, drawn close beside her, on which he sits when he drinks his wine like any immortal. Go pas him and then with your arms embrace our mother’s knees; do this, so as to behold your day of homecoming with happiness and speed, even if you live very far off. For if she has thoughts in her mind that are friendly to you then there is hope you can see your own people and come back to your strong-founded house, and to the land of your fathers. † (6, 303-3150) When odyessye goes to the Queen and does as Nausikaa and Athena advise him to do so, she responds by telling her husband to welcome him into the palace, and wine and dine him. Alkinoos does has his wife wishes, and welcomes Odyessus into his palace. Has shown here Queen Arete is highly view by her husband and given political authority by him. However, this portrait is filled with inconsistencies since there are no know examples were women would be highly regarded as Queen Arete. In addition Homer clearly shows that women were not regarded the same rights has men. For instance royal women and female slave would engage in similar tasks, where royal men would not work side by side with the slaves. For example Nausikaa goes down to the river with the maids to wash the laundry of the household. In addition Penelope may remain with the public rooms wit male guests without sandal. (pg 31 Pomeroy) This also shows that women may had more freedoms during this time period in Greece than later periods. Sue Bundell suggest in the Homeric world the boundary between the domestic and the political, between the private and the public, is not nearly so rigid. She goes on to say that the role of men and women overlap, which is why women can exercise some political power. On the other hand Penelope and Odysseus relationship does show how women were depending on there husbands. Penelope’s need for Odysseus and her feelings that she has been overwhelm by the suitors in her own home are expressed as being â€Å"shipwrecked sailor who has finally made it to dry land. (23, 233-240). Men were needed in order to maintain relationships with society, women were to protect and maintain the house hold. Sue states that a women’s role can never be anything other than subordinate when there husband is present. That â€Å"Odysseus the wanderer, and Penelope the guardian of the home, were to survive as potent symbols of gender difference, not just for later generations of Greeks but for peoples of many subsequent ages. † (pg 57) In addition, to the role of husband and wife representing a patriarchal society, the importance of sons in the eyes of both parents is a symbolic feature of patriarchal society. (pg 28 prombely) Penelope’s concern for Telemachos when he goes off on the dangerous journey shows how cherished her son is to her. She also devise a plan to protect her son from the suitors when she realizes that they were plotting against Telemachos. (16, 409-447) Furthermore when Odysseus arrives home to find the suitors planning to marry his wife and take over his kingdom by plotting against his sons life, he and Telemachos kill all of the suitors. On the other hand the importance of the heir to asset themselves, and take over there father’s land is also important in patriarchal society. Telemachos first assert his manhood by ordering Penelope from the public rooms of the palace and also indicating to the suitors his intention to assert his claim to his fathers throne. (pg 28 prombey) this is the part in the poem when the suitors start to change there intentions of taking over odysseys role of king, and began to claim they indented on taking Penelope back to there own palaces. Although the role and status of women during the dark period in Greece is not clearly represented in the Odyssey, there are many inconsistencies in the literature as we seen with Queen Arete, and the role Nausicaa and Penelope played in the choice of husbands. On the other hand Prombry feels as though â€Å"the dramatic importance and emotional influence of women should not at all be mistaken for evidence of there equality; the political power of even the queens of ancient Greece was a sometimes transient, nearly always a double-edged blessing. (pg 18) It is not clear whether Homer’s depiction of women reflect the attitude of Bonze Agee Greece towards women. (pg 22 Probley) Prombrey states â€Å"without a doubt there is no period in the Greek history for which our evidence of the experience of women in more fascinating or as contradictory† (pg 17)Nevertheless, in the Dark Age, as in later Greece women from birth to death were dependent and under the control of males. T his male-dominated society was clearly revealed in the poem. However, it is evident the women of this time did have more power and freedoms than later Greek periods, as they were entrusted with the power to run households while their husbands were gone to war, there right to be in public spaces, and there right to participate in festive and religious events. Although that is the extent to there rights, on the whole this was a patricidal society, in which the women we seen as inferior to men.